Mark Bickhard is Henry R. Luce Professor of Cognitive Robotics and the Philosophy of Knowledge at Lehigh University, Bethlehem, USA. He studied Mathematics and Statistics at the University of Chicago (MSc in 1970) and obtained his PhD in Human Development at the University of Chicago in 1973 ("A Model of Developmental and Psychological Processes"). He is also the Director of the Institute for Interactivist Studies and Director of the Complex Systems Research Group, both at Lehigh University.